Que. 1. What do you mean by social sciences?

Ans. 1. It includes those desciplines which study scientifically behaviour of people in society.

Que. 2. Which are the desciplines included in the social sciences?

Ans. 2. The desciplines which are included in social sciences are –

• Economics
• Political Science
• Sociology
• Social Psychology
• Anthropology

Que. 3. What do you mean by Social Psychology?

Ans. 3. It studies the effect of social environment on persons, their attitudes and motivations.

Que. 4. What do you mean by Anthropology?

Ans. 4. It is the study of physical, social & cultural history of man.

Que. 5. What is medical anthropology?

Ans. 5. It deals with the cultural component in the ecology of health and disease.

Que. 6. What do you mean by Sociology?

Ans. 6. Sociology is the study of social life, social change & the social causes and consequences of human behaviour.

Que. 7. What do you mean by term Medical Sociology?

Ans. 7. Medical Sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors & health, and with the application of principles of sociology & sociology techniques to answer questions related to health & health care system.

Que. 8. Who did propose medical sociology as a specialized field?

Ans. 8. Charles McIntire in 1894.

Que. 9. Define Community.

Ans. 9. According to WHO Expert Committee “A community is a social group determined by geographical boundaries and/or common values and interests”. The individual belongs to the broader society through his family & community.

Que. 10. What do you mean by Social Anatomy & Social Physiology?

Ans. 10.  Social Anatomy ——— Study of Social Structure

Social Physiology —————— Study of social functioning/organization.

Que. 11. Give the 5 examples of social institutions?

Ans. 11. Family, School, Church, Political Parties & Panchayats.

Que. 12. What do you mean by term acculturation?

Ans. 12. When there is contact between two peoples with different type of cultures (Culture Contact), there is diffusion of culture both ways. This is called acculturation.

Que. 13. Which are the factors on that standards of living in a country depend?

Ans. 13. Depends upon –

• Level of national income
• The total amount of goods & services produced by the country
• The size of the population
• The level of education
• Distribution of national income

Que. 14. How will you measure the extent of differences in the level of living of people?

Ans. 14. By comparing per capita income

Que. 15. Give 5 examples of social problems?

Ans. 15. Poverty, Crime, Unemployment, Drug addiction & Disease.

Que. 16. What do you mean by term social pathology?

Ans. 16. Now-a-days term social pathology is used to describe the relation between disease and social conditions.

Que. 17. How is social pathology disclosed?

Ans. 17. By Social Surveys.

Que. 18. Which behaviour is important to improve utilization of health services?

Ans. 18. Health seeking behaviour.

Que. 19. What are the causes of various types of behaviour?

Ans. 19. The causes are –

• Environmental stimuli
• Emotions & feelings
• Needs of individual
• Motivation of an individual
• Intellectual perception.

Que. 20. What are the resulted behaviours of mal-adjustment to an environment?

Ans. 20. The resulted behaviours are –

• Losing temper & complaining
• Isolating oneself
• Making Excuses
• Accepting failure & changing his behaviour

Que. 21. What is the important basis for doctor-patient relationship?

Ans. 21. To break the emotional barriers.

Que. 22. When the fear becomes excessive and unnecessary, what will you call it?

Ans. 22. PHOBIA.

Que. 23. Which type of patients generally exhibit phobia?

Ans. 23. Patients with mental disorders.

Que. 24. What are the common features of anxiety?

Ans. 24. Rapid pulse & breathing, flushing, tremors, sweating, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhoea and raised blood pressure.

Que. 25. What are the manifestations of emotional disorders in children?

Ans. 25. Temper tantrums, abdominal pain, spasms, ticks and aggressiveness.

Que. 26. What are the manifestations of emotional disorders in adults?

Ans. 26. Lack of concentration, Lack of appetite, Palpitation, Lack of sleep & increased risk of accidents.

Que. 27. What are the examples of psychosocial diseases?

Ans. 27. Essential Hypertension, Asthma, Peptic Ulcer & Ulcerative Colitis.

Que. 28. What are the various types of needs?

Ans. 28. Various types of needs are –

• Biologic needs – e.g., Air, water, food, sleep, rest etc.
• Social needs – e.g., Company, love & affection, recognition, education etc.
• Economic needs – e.g., money, security from want etc.
• Ego-integrative needs – e.g., desire for prestige, self-respect, power etc.

Que. 29. What do you mean by Incentives?

Ans. 29. Factors that stimulate motivation & encourages specific behaviours.

Que. 30. What are the two mental activities involved in observation?

Ans. 30. Perception & Attention.

Que. 31. What are the disorders of perception?

Ans. 31. The disorders of perception are –

• Imperceptions
• Illusions
• Hallucination

Que. 32. What are the conditions affecting learning?

Ans. 32. The conditions affecting learning are –

• Intelligence
• Age
• Learning situation
• Motivation
• Physical health
• Mental Health

Que. 33. What are the various types of learning?

Ans. 33. There are three types of learning –

• Cognitive learning (Knowledge)
• Affective Learning (Attitude)
• Psychomotor learning (Skills)

Que. 34. What do you mean by defence mechanisms?

Ans. 35. When an individual faces problem or failure, he practices certain ways to achieve health, happiness or success. These ways are called defence mechanisms.

Que. 35. What are the various types of defence mechanisms?

Ans. 35. Various types of defence mechanisms are –

• Rationalization
• Projection
• Compensation
• Escape mechanism
• Displacement
• Regression

Que. 36. What are the components of personality?

Ans. 36. Four components of personality are –

• Physical
• Emotional
• Intelligence
• Behaviour

Que. 37. Which personality traits should be present in a doctor?

Ans. 37. Kindness, honesty, patience, tolerance, perseverance, consciousness, empathy, thought fullness & Initiative.

Que. 38. Who did classify personality into extrovert & introvert?

Ans. 38. Carl Jung, a Swiss Psychiatrist.

Que. 39. Which thinking is considered as highest form of thinking?

Ans. 39. Critical Thinking.

Que. 40. Who did develop the concept of Mental Age?

Ans. 40. Binet & Simon (1896).

Que. 41. What was indicated by the concept of mental age?

Ans. 41. Level of intelligence achieved.

Que. 42. How will you obtain Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

Ans. 42. By dividing mental age by chronogical age, multiplied by 100.

Que. 43. What does higher intelligence quotient (IQ) indicate?

Ans. 43. Brilliancy. Higher the IQ, the more brilliant the child will be. He will be more capable of higher performance at school age.

Que. 44. What is the IQ range of an idiot?

Ans. 44. 0-24.

Que. 45. What is the IQ range of a Moron?

Ans. 45. 50-69.

Que. 46. What is the IQ range of a near genius?

Ans. 46. 140 & above.

Que. 47. Which are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution of India?

Ans. 47. The fundamental rights are –

• The right of equality.
• The right of freedom of speech and expression
• The right against exploitation
• The right of freedom of practice and propagation of religion
• The right of minorities to conserve their culture
• The right of property
• The right of constitutional remedies for the enforcement of fundamental rights.

Que. 48. Which is the basic unit of all societies?

Ans. 48. The family.

Que. 49. What do you mean by term Society?

Ans. 49. It is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interactions (sharing the same social & spatial territory), typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

Que. 50. What do you mean by Socialized Medicine?

Ans. 50. In socialized medicine, all health activities are directed and controlled by central bodies, medical service is almost free and therefore available to all.

Que. 51. Define family.

Ans. 51. It is a group of biologically related individuals living together & sharing same kitchen. Family members may be either blood related or legally related.

Que. 52. What is the difference between family of origin & family of procreation?

Ans. 52. In family of origin, as name suggests, individual is born and in family of procreation, individual creates his own family after the marriage.

Que. 53. What are the different phases of family life cycle?

Ans. 53. Different phases of family life cycle are –

• Formation
• Extension
• Complete extension
• Contraction
• Completed contraction
• Dissolution

Que. 54. What is the theme common to community health & social sciences?

Ans. 54. Human Behaviour.

Que. 55. What are the variables in a society that influence health of the people?

Ans. 55. Variables are –

• Individual predisposition
• Ecological predisposition
• Current circumstances &
• Opportunities

Que. 56. What are the social factors responsible for ill health?

Ans. 56. Social factors responsible for ill health are –

• Poverty
• Malnutrition
• Poor sanitation
• Lack of education
• Inadequate housing
• Unemployment
• Poor working conditions
• Cultural & behavioural factors.

Que. 57. What do you mean by term nuclear or elementary family?

Ans. 57. It consists of the married couple & their children (still dependent).

Que. 58. What do you mean by term New Families?

Ans. 58. These are the families under 10 years of formation and consist of married couples and their children.

Que. 59. Why the concept of new families are important?

Ans. 59. In studies related to family planning.

Que. 60. What do you mean by three generation family?

Ans. 60. It consists of grandparents, parents and their children.

Que. 61. How three generation family is different from joint family?

Ans. 61. Apart from grandparents, parents & children, in joint family, uncles, aunts & their children also live. It is a horizontal extension of the family.

Que. 62. What are the functions of the family?

Ans. 62. Functions of the family are –

• Shelter or residence
• Division of labour
• Reproduction and bringing up of children
• Socialization
• Economic functions
• Social Support & care

Que. 63. What do you mean by Broken Family?

Ans. 63. Either parents have separated or one/both parents have died.

Que. 64. What are the end results of broken family?

Ans. 64. Crime, Prostitution & Vagrancy.

Que. 65. What do you mean by problem families?

Ans. 65. In these families, parents are not able to meet the physical, social and emotional needs of their children & standard of living is fairly compromised.

Que. 66. Which are the factors responsible for problem families?

Ans. 66. The factors responsible are –

• Poverty
• Personality & relationship backwardness
• Illness
• Mental & Emotional Instability
• Mental disharmony &
• Character defects

Que. 67. Name a major functioning unit of society?

Ans. 67. Community.

Que. 68. Write about the characteristics of a community?

Ans. 68. The characteristics are –

• It is a contiguous geographical area.
• Composed of people living together
• People cooperate each other to satisfy their basic needs
• In community, there are common organizations e.g., markets, schools, hospitals etc.

Que. 69. What do you mean by term Social Mobility?

Ans. 69. Social Mobility is the movement of individuals, families or households within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to one’s current social location within a given community.

Que. 70. Name commonly used socio-economic scales in India.

Ans. 70. The commonly used socio-economic scales in India are –

• B G Prasad (1961) Classification.
• Modified Kuppuswami’s Classification
• Udai Pareek & Kulshesth classification

Que. 71. Which is the indicator used in BG Prasad classification?

Ans. 71. Per capita family monthly income.

Que. 72. What are the merits of B G Prasad Classification?

Ans. 72. Suitable for rural, peri-urban/semi-urban population.

Que. 73. What are the demerits of B G Prasad’s social classification?

Ans. 73. The demerits are as follows –

• It measures economic growth but not development
• As per capita income is a mean value, it does not reflect actual income distribution
• Since educational criteria is not taken into account, it gives somewhat crude assessment of social class.

Que. 74. In which area modified Kuppuswami’s scale is used?

Ans. 74. Urban area.

Que. 75. Name characteristics on that modified Kuppuswami’s scale is based.

Ans. 75. Education, occupation & Income.

Que. 76. What are the merits of modified Kuppuswami’s Scale?

Ans. 76. Most sensitive & appropriate method for urban population as it also includes educational criteria and appropriate actions for various occupations prevailing among urban population.

Que. 77. What are the limitations of modified Kuppuswami’s scale?

Ans. 77. Data required are not compatible with rural settings so cannot be used in rural areas.

Que. 78. What are the merits of Udai Pareek & Kulshrestha method of social classification?

Ans. 78. Most suitable method for rural population as it does not require unrealistic & difficult data & takes into account additional parameters which have real relevance in rural conditions.

Que. 79. What are the basis of Udai Pareek & Kulshrestha method of social classification?

Ans. 79. Maternal possessions, land, farm power, type of house, caste, family size & social participation, occupation & education.

Que. 80. What are the limitations of Udai Pareek & Kulshrestha classification?

Ans. 80. Not suitable for urban population due to non-applicability of many parameters.

Que. 81. When was the wealth index first used?

Ans. 81. During National Family Health Survey III (2005-06).

Que. 82. What does wealth index indicate?

Ans. 82. Indicates the level of wealth that is consistent with expenditure & income measures.

Que. 83. In which health conditions social class differences have been observed?

Ans. 83. Social class difference have been observed in –

• Utilization of medical & health services
• Mental illnesses
• Infant & maternal mortality
• General mortality
• Family structure
• Preventive services utilization
• Life expectancy
• Nutritional status
• Health status
• Cardiovascular and hormonal disorders
• Diarrhoea and dysentery
• Diseases of Ear, Eye & Skin and so on.

Que. 84. What are the kinds of interview in social science?

Ans. 84. The kinds of interview in Social Science are –

• Direct or structured interview
• Non-directive or unstructured interview
• Focussed interview
• Repetitive interview

Que. 85. What are the steps in conducting an interview?

Ans. 85. Steps in conducting an interview are –

• Establishing contact
• Starting an interview
• Securing rapport
• Recall
• Probe questions
• Encouragement
• Guiding the interview
• Recording
• Closing the interview
• Report

Que. 86. Name social problems prevalent in India?

Ans. 86. Social problems prevalent in India are –

• Prostitution
• Delinquency
• Dowry System
• Drug addiction
• Alcohol abuse
• Unmarried mothers
•  

Que. 87. How will you manage drug addiction medically?

Ans. 87. By following measures –

• Identification of drug addicts & their motivation for detoxification
• Detoxification in hospitals
• Post-detoxification counselling & follow up
• Rehabilitation
• Advice for change in environment

Que. 88. What is the objective of The Children Act 1960?

Ans. 88. To provide a specialized approach towards the care, protection, maintenance, training of delinquent children.

Que. 89. Enumerate the categories of handicapped.

Ans. 89.  Categories of handicapped are as follows –

• The blind
• The hearing disability
• The orthopedically handicapped
• Multiple disabilities
• Mentally retarded
• The speech disability
• Others

Que. 90. Which rehabilitation services are available for the handicapped in India?

Ans. 90. Rehabilitation services available are –

• Medical care facilities
• Education for blind, deaf & orthopedically handicapped
• Vocational training
• Job placement & sheltered workshops
• Pension, scholarship & allowances.

Que. 91. Which are included in a 3-tier system of local self-government?

Ans. 91. Village level – Gram Panchayat

               Block level – Panchayat Samiti

               District level – Zila Parishad.

Que. 92. What do you mean by Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

Ans. 92. GDP is the gross income generated within the country. It excludes net income received from foreign countries.

Que. 93. What do you mean by Gross National Product (GNP)?

Ans. 93. GNP is GDP plus net income from foreign countries.

Que. 94. Which are the common general purpose indicators of national wealth?

Ans. 94. Per capita GDP or GNP.

Que. 95. Which is an index of the standard of living of the people?

Ans. 95. Per capita income.

Que. 96. What do you mean by Net National Product (NNP)?

Ans. 96. It is the GNP minus the capital we consume in the production process.

Que. 97. What do you mean by Net Domestic Product (NDP)?

Ans. It is the gross domestic product minus the value of depreciation on fixed assets.

Que. 98. What do you mean by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)?

Ans. 98. It is defined as the number of units of a country’s currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market equal to purchases by one US dollar.

Que. 99. Which indicators are included in Global Hunger Index (GHI)?

Ans. 99. Undernourishment, child underweight and child mortality.

Que. 100. In global hunger index, what was the rank of India in 2022?

Ans. 100. India rank 107^th (GHI= 29.1) out of the 121 countries from where data is available.

Que. 101. What is the hidden hunger?

Ans. 101. A form of undernutrition resulting from micronutrient deficiency leading to poor growth, health & development.